Guard Rings on Fin Structures

ABSTRACT

A device includes a semiconductor substrate, isolation regions extending into the semiconductor substrate, a plurality of semiconductor fins higher than top surfaces of the isolation regions, and a plurality of gate stacks. Each of the gate stacks includes a gate dielectric on a top surface and sidewalls of one of the plurality of semiconductor fin, and a gate electrode over the gate dielectric. The device further includes a plurality of semiconductor regions, each disposed between and contacting two neighboring ones of the plurality of semiconductor fins. The device further includes a plurality of contact plugs, each overlying and electrically coupled to one of the plurality of semiconductor regions. An electrical connection electrically interconnects the plurality of semiconductor regions and the gate electrodes of the plurality of gate stacks.

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/644,261, entitled “Guard Rings on Fin Structures,” filed on Oct. 4, 2012, which application is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Guard rings are formed in integrated circuits as isolation regions of devices. Conventional guard rings may include semiconductor regions surrounding the circuit devices. The guard rings may be connected to power supply voltages VDD, or may be grounded.

In the integrated circuits that adopt Fin Field-Effect Transistors (FinFETs), the guard rings may also adopt fin shapes. For example, the formation of some guard rings includes etching silicon fins to form recesses, and epitaxially growing silicon germanium in the recesses. The grown silicon germanium forms the guard ring. Since the guard rings are typically long, non-uniformity occurs in the growth of silicon germanium. As a result, some portions of the grown silicon germanium may have thicknesses significantly smaller than other portions. Furthermore, the surfaces of the grown silicon germanium may be rough. This results in a high resistance in the grown silicon germanium and poor landing of contact plugs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the embodiments, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1A through 6A are cross-sectional views and a top view of intermediate stages in the manufacturing of a guard ring in accordance with some exemplary embodiments;

FIGS. 6B and 6C are cross-sectional views of the structure in FIG. 6A; and

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary guard ring in accordance with exemplary embodiments, wherein the structure in FIGS. 6A-6C is a part of the guard ring.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

The making and using of the embodiments of the disclosure are discussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that the embodiments provide many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed are illustrative, and do not limit the scope of the disclosure.

A guard ring and the method of forming the same are provided in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. The intermediate stages of forming the guard ring are illustrated. The variations and the operation of the embodiments are discussed. Throughout the various views and illustrative embodiments, like reference numbers are used to designate like elements.

Referring to FIG. 1A, an integrated circuit structure is formed. The integrated circuit structure includes substrate 20, which may be a bulk semiconductor substrate or a Semiconductor-on-Insulator (SOI) substrate. Substrate 20 may be lightly doped with a p-type or an n-type impurity. Isolation regions such as Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) regions 22 may be formed in substrate 20, and may extend from the top surface of substrate 20 into substrate 20. Fins 24 are formed over the top surfaces of STI regions 22. Fin 24 may be formed by removing top portions of STI regions 22, so that the portions of semiconductor material between neighboring STI regions 22 becomes fins 24. FIG. 1A also illustrates semiconductor strips 25 between STI regions 22. Semiconductor strips 25 and fins 24 may be formed of a same semiconductor material such as silicon. Furthermore, semiconductor strips 25 may a portion of substrate 20, and may be formed of a same material as the bulk substrate portion of substrate 20, which bulk substrate portion is underlying STI regions 22. In some embodiments, each of semiconductor strips 25 and fins 24 forms a ring, as shown in FIG. 1B.

Referring to FIG. 2, a plurality of gate stacks are formed, each including one of gate dielectrics 26 and one of gate electrodes 28. Gate dielectrics 26, which may be formed of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, a high-k dielectric material, or the like, are formed on the top surfaces and sidewalls of fin 24. Gate electrodes 28 are formed over gate dielectrics 26. Gate electrodes 28 may be formed of a conductive material such as polysilicon, a metal, a metal alloy, a metal silicide, or the like. In the embodiments wherein gate electrodes 28 are formed of polysilicon, hard masks such as silicon nitride layers may be formed over each of gate electrodes 28. Although not illustrated in FIG. 2, gate spacers 29, which are shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C, are also formed on the opposite sidewalls of gate electrodes 28. In some embodiments, distances D1 between neighboring gate electrodes 28 are smaller than about 0.2 μm, and may be between about 0.05 μm and about 0.2 μm, although a greater or a smaller distance may be used. It is appreciated, however, that the dimensions recited throughout the description are merely examples, and may be changed to different values.

Only three gate stacks are illustrated in the illustrated embodiments for clarity. In the embodiments, however, there may actually be many gate stacks distributed throughout the semiconductor ring of fin 24, which gate stacks are shown in FIG. 7. The distances D1 between neighboring gate stacks are also controlled not to exceed the desirable range.

Referring to FIG. 3, the exposed portions of fins 24 not covered by gate dielectrics 26, gate electrodes 28, and gate spacers 29 (FIGS. 6B and 6C) are removed (recessed), while the covered portions of fins 24 are not removed. The removal may be performed through a dry etch step. The spaces left by the removed portions of fins 24 are referred to as recesses 30 hereinafter. Recesses 30 may have bottoms lower than the top surfaces of STI regions 22. As a result, portions of semiconductor strips 25 are also removed, and the top surfaces of the remaining semiconductor strips 25 are exposed. In alternative embodiments, the bottoms of recesses 30 are lower than the top surfaces of STI regions 22.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4, epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are grown from recesses 30 in FIG. 3 through epitaxy. Epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 have a lattice constant different from the lattice constant of fins 24 (FIG. 1) and/or the lattice constant of semiconductor strips 25. In some embodiments, epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 comprise silicon germanium (SiGe). In alternative embodiments, epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 comprise silicon carbon (SiC). Epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 may be formed using one of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) methods. The precursors for forming germanium-containing epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 may include Si-containing gases and Ge-containing gases, such as SiH₄ and GeH₄, respectively, and the partial pressures of the Si-containing gases and Ge-containing gases are adjusted to modify the atomic ratio of germanium to silicon. In some embodiments, the atomic percentage of germanium in epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 is greater than about 20 atomic percent. Alternatively, epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 comprise SiC, with the atomic percentage of carbon being greater than three percent, for example. Epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 may form a guard ring along with fins 24 in accordance with embodiments. The guard ring formed of semiconductor regions 36 and fins 24 may be a full ring, with no break therein in accordance with some embodiments.

During the epitaxy for forming epitaxy semiconductor regions 36, p-type impurities such as boron or n-type impurities such as phosphorous may be doped with the proceeding of the epitaxy. For example, when epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 comprise SiGe, p-type impurities are doped. Otherwise, when epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 comprise SiC, n-type impurities are doped. The impurity concentration of the p-type or n-type impurity may be between about 1×10¹⁹/cm³ and about 1×10²¹/cm³. In alternative embodiments, no p-type and n-type impurity is in-situ doped. Instead, the impurities are doped into epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 through implantation after their formation.

Due to different growth rates on different surface planes, the growth of epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 comprises lateral growth and vertical growth. Facets are hence formed as being the surfaces of epitaxy semiconductor regions 36, as shown in FIG. 4. The epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 grown from neighboring recesses may be merged with each other to form a large epitaxy region.

After the formation of epitaxy semiconductor regions 36, silicide regions 38 (not shown in FIG. 4, refer to FIGS. 6B and 6C) may be formed on the top surfaces of epitaxy semiconductor regions 36. Next, referring to FIG. 5, metal contact plugs 40 are formed over and electrically connected to epitaxy semiconductor regions 36. Metal contact plugs 40 may be overlying and in contact with silicide regions 38, as shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C. Metal plugs 40 may have a longitudinal direction (the illustrated X direction in FIG. 5) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (the illustrated Y direction) of original fins 24 (as in FIG. 1). Furthermore, metal contact plugs 40 may also include portions landing on STI regions 22.

In some embodiments, gate electrodes 28 are left in the final Guard ring. In alternative embodiments, gate electrodes 28 may be removed, and replaced by metal gates, which metal gates are referred to as replacement gates. The process for forming the replacement gates may include forming a first Inter-Layer Dielectric (ILD) 42 (not shown in FIG. 5, shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C), removing gate electrodes 28 and the overlying hard masks (if any) to form recesses, depositing a metal to fill the resulting recesses left by the removed gate electrodes 28, and polishing the metal to form the replacement gates. Throughout the description, the replacement gates, if any, are also referred to as gate electrodes 28.

FIG. 6A illustrates the formation of contact plugs 44 over and electrically connected to gate electrodes 28. FIGS. 6B and 6C illustrate cross-sectional views of the structure in FIG. 6A, wherein the cross-sectional views are obtained from the vertical plane crossing lines 6B-6B and 6C-6C, respectively, in FIG. 6A. FIG. 6B illustrates the plane that crosses the remaining portions of semiconductor strips 25, wherein epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are formed over and contacting semiconductor strips 25. The bottom surface of STI regions 22 (not in the plane of FIG. 6B, refer to FIGS. 6A and 6C) is marked as 22A. Contact plugs 40 are over and electrically connected to epitaxy semiconductor regions 36, and may be further connected to metal line 46. Metal line 46 may also be electrically coupled to gate electrodes 28 through gate contact plugs 44, which is illustrated using dashed lines since they are not in the plane of FIG. 6B. During the operation of the integrated circuits, voltage VGR is applied to metal line 46. Accordingly, epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 and gate electrodes 28 are applied with the same voltage VGR, which is generated by voltage source 48.

In some embodiments, epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are doped with a p-type impurity, and may comprise silicon germanium. Accordingly, voltage VGR may be a negative voltage. Alternatively, voltage VGR is equal to VSS. Accordingly, holes are attracted to, and accumulated in regions 50, which are overlapped by, and contacting, gate dielectrics 26. Accordingly, regions 50 become p-type channels, in which holes (represented by arrows 53) may flow through. The regions underlying gate electrodes 28 are accordingly connected to voltage VGR, and hence forms a part of the resulting guard ring, as shown in FIG. 7. Furthermore, through p-type channels 50 in fins 24, the plurality of p-type epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are interconnected to form a continuous guard ring. In these embodiments, well region 52 is formed as a p-well region, in which p-type epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are located. P-type epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are further in contact with p-well region 52, so that voltage VGR is also applied to p-well region 52.

In alternative embodiments, epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are doped with an n-type impurity, and may comprise silicon carbon. Accordingly, voltage VGR may be a positive voltage, which may be power supply voltage VDD. Electrons are attracted to and accumulated in regions 50, which are overlapped by, and in contact with, gate dielectrics 26. Regions 50 become n-type channels, in which electrons (represented by arrows 53) may flow through. Therefore, the regions underlying gate electrodes 28 are also connected to voltage VGR, and hence forms a part of the resulting guard ring. Furthermore, through n-type channels 50 in fins 24, the plurality of n-type epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are interconnected to form a continuous guard ring. In these embodiments, well region 52 is formed as an n-well region, in which n-type epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are located. N-type epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are further in contact with n-well region 52, so that voltage VGR may be applied to n-well region 52.

FIG. 6C illustrates that gate electrodes 28 and contact plugs 40 also overlap STI regions 22. Although gate dielectrics 26 are illustrated as extending between gate electrodes 28 and STI regions 22, gate dielectrics 26 may also not extend to the illustrated plane in alternative embodiments. The illustrated epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are thin in the illustrated plane since they are formed by the lateral growth. As shown in FIG. 6C, voltage VGR may be applied on a plurality of gate electrodes 28 and a plurality of metal contacts 40, which are interconnected through metal line 46.

FIG. 7 illustrates a top view of guard ring 54 in accordance with embodiments. The structure shown in FIG. 6A may be reproduced to include four portions that form the four sides of guard ring 54. In some embodiments, all of gate electrodes 28 of guard ring 54 are interconnected, and/or applied with the same voltage. All of contact plugs 40 may be interconnected, and/or applied with the same voltage. Furthermore, all of gate electrodes 28 may be connected to all of contact plugs 40, and/or applied with the same voltage. Fins 24 (FIG. 6A) and epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are interconnected to form one or a plurality of semiconductor rings, wherein fins 24 and epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 are allocated in an alternating pattern. The plurality of semiconductor rings may be full rings, although they may have breaks therein.

Guard ring 54 may encircle a region, which region may have a rectangular top-view shape or any other applicable shape. MOS devices 56 are formed in the region encircled by guard ring 54. In some embodiments, MOS devices 56 are FinFETs. Accordingly, the fins, the gate dielectrics, the gate electrodes, the source and the drain regions, and the like, of MOS devices 56 may be formed simultaneously when fins 24 (FIG. 1A), gate dielectrics 26 (FIG. 6A), gate electrodes 28, and epitaxy regions 36, respectively, are formed.

In the embodiments, by forming gate dielectrics 26 (FIG. 6A), gate electrodes 28, and gate spacers 29 to cover portions of fins 24 before the etching of fins 24 and the epitaxy of epitaxy semiconductor regions 36, the length D1 (FIG. 2) of each of discrete epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 is reduced. The growth of epitaxy semiconductor regions 36 thus has a better uniformity. This in turn results in the reduction in the non-uniformity of the guard ring and the reduction in the contact resistance of the guard ring.

In accordance with embodiments, a device includes a semiconductor substrate, isolation regions extending into the semiconductor substrate, a plurality of semiconductor fins higher than top surfaces of the isolation regions, and a plurality of gate stacks. Each of the gate stacks includes a gate dielectric on a top surface and sidewalls of one of the plurality of semiconductor fin, and a gate electrode over the gate dielectric. The device further includes a plurality of semiconductor regions, each disposed between and contacting two neighboring ones of the plurality of semiconductor fins. The device further includes a plurality of contact plugs, each overlying and electrically coupled to one of the plurality of semiconductor regions. An electrical connection electrically interconnects the plurality of semiconductor regions and the gate electrodes of the plurality of gate stacks.

In accordance with other embodiments, a device includes a semiconductor substrate, isolation regions extending into the semiconductor substrate, and a semiconductor ring encircling a portion of the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor ring includes a plurality of semiconductor fins higher than a top surface of the isolation regions, and a plurality of epitaxy semiconductor regions contacting the plurality of semiconductor fins. The plurality of epitaxy semiconductor regions and the plurality of semiconductor fins are allocated in an alternating pattern. The device further includes a plurality of gate dielectrics, each on a top surface and sidewalls of one of the plurality of semiconductor fins, and a plurality of gate electrodes, each overlying one of the plurality of gate dielectrics. A plurality of contact plugs is formed, with each being overlying and electrically coupled to one of the plurality of epitaxy semiconductor regions.

In accordance with yet other embodiments, a method includes forming a gate stack over a semiconductor fin, wherein the semiconductor fin forms a ring. A portion of the semiconductor fin not covered by the gate stack is etched to form a recess. The method further includes performing an epitaxy to grow an epitaxy semiconductor region from the recess, forming a first contact plug overlying and electrically coupled to the epitaxy semiconductor region, and forming a second contact plug overlying and electrically coupled to the gate stack.

Although the embodiments and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, and composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the disclosure. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps. In addition, each claim constitutes a separate embodiment, and the combination of various claims and embodiments are within the scope of the disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: forming a gate stack over a semiconductor fin, wherein the semiconductor fin forms a ring; etching a portion of the semiconductor fin not covered by the gate stack to form a recess; performing an epitaxy to grow an epitaxy semiconductor region from the recess; forming a first contact plug overlying and electrically coupled to the epitaxy semiconductor region; and forming a second contact plug, wherein the contact plug is overlying and electrically coupled to the gate stack.
 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming an electrical connection to electrically interconnect the first contact plug and the second contact plug.
 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising: during the forming the gate stack, simultaneously forming a plurality of gate stacks over the semiconductor fin; during the etching the portion of the semiconductor fin, etching a plurality of portions of the semiconductor fin to form a plurality of recesses between neighboring ones of the plurality of gate stacks; during the epitaxy, simultaneous growing a plurality of epitaxy semiconductor regions from the plurality of recesses; forming a plurality of third contact plugs over and electrically coupled to each of the plurality of the epitaxy semiconductor regions; and forming a plurality of fourth contact plugs over and electrically coupled to the plurality of gate stacks.
 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising forming electrical connections to interconnect the plurality of third contact plugs and the plurality of fourth contact plugs.
 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming a Fin Field-Effect Transistor (FinFET) in a region encircled by the ring.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the epitaxy semiconductor region is a p-type region, wherein the method further comprises forming a p-well region, and wherein the epitaxy semiconductor region is located in, and is in contact with, the p-well region.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the epitaxy semiconductor region is an n-type region, wherein the method further comprising forming an n-well region, and wherein the epitaxy semiconductor region is located in, and is in contact with, the n-well region.
 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising: doping the epitaxy semiconductor region with a p-type impurity; and forming an electrical connection to electrically connect the epitaxy semiconductor region to a voltage source, wherein the voltage source is configured to provide a VSS voltage or a negative voltage to the epitaxy semiconductor region.
 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising interconnecting the first contact plug and the second contact plug.
 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising: doping the epitaxy semiconductor region with an n-type impurity; and forming an electrical connection to electrically connect the epitaxy semiconductor region to a voltage source, wherein the voltage source is configured to provide a positive voltage to the epitaxy semiconductor region.
 11. A method comprising: forming a semiconductor fin, wherein the semiconductor fin forms a ring comprising four sides; forming a plurality of gate stacks on sidewalls and top surfaces of each of the four sides of the ring; forming a plurality of epitaxy regions between the plurality of gate stacks; and forming a plurality of metal contact plugs, each being over, and electrically coupled to, one of the plurality of epitaxy regions.
 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising: doping the plurality of epitaxy regions with a p-type impurity; and forming connections electrically connecting the plurality of epitaxy regions to a voltage source, wherein the voltage source is configured to provide a VSS voltage to the plurality of epitaxy regions.
 13. The method of claim 11 further comprising: doping the plurality of epitaxy regions with a p-type impurity; and forming electrical connections electrically connecting the plurality of epitaxy regions to a voltage source, wherein the voltage source is configured to provide a negative voltage to the plurality of epitaxy regions.
 14. The method of claim 11 further comprising: doping the plurality of epitaxy regions with an n-type impurity; and forming electrical connections electrically connecting the plurality of epitaxy regions to a voltage source, wherein the voltage source is configured to provide a positive voltage to the plurality of epitaxy regions.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the voltage source is configured to provide a VDD voltage to the plurality of epitaxy regions.
 16. The method of claim 11 further comprising electrically connecting gate electrodes of the plurality of gate stacks to the plurality of metal contact plugs.
 17. A method comprising: forming a semiconductor fin, wherein the semiconductor fin forms a ring; forming a plurality of gate stacks on sidewalls and top surfaces of each side of the ring; removing portions of the ring un-covered by the plurality of gate stacks; epitaxially growing a plurality of epitaxy regions between the plurality of gate stacks, wherein the plurality of gate stacks is in spaces left by the portions of the semiconductor fin removed in the removing; forming a plurality of metal contact plugs, each being over, and electrically coupled to, one of the plurality of epitaxy regions; and connecting gate electrodes of the plurality of gate stacks and the plurality of metal contact plugs to a voltage source.
 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising: doping the plurality of epitaxy regions with a p-type impurity; and forming electrical connections electrically connecting the plurality of epitaxy regions to a voltage source, wherein the voltage source is configured to provide a negative voltage or a VSS voltage to the plurality of epitaxy regions.
 19. The method of claim 17 further comprising: doping the plurality of epitaxy regions with an n-type impurity; and forming electrical connections electrically connecting the plurality of epitaxy regions to a voltage source, wherein the voltage source is configured to provide a positive voltage to the plurality of epitaxy regions.
 20. The method of claim 17 further comprising forming a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) device in a region encircled by the ring. 